Anti-P2X4 receptor Antibody, clone 12-10H

Descrição detalhada : P2X purinoceptor 4 (UniProt: P51577; also known as P2X4, ATP receptor, Purinergic receptor) is encoded by the P2rx4 gene (Gene ID: 29659) in rat. P2 receptors comprise P2X ionotropic receptors and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. P2X receptors are expressed in many tissues, where they are involved in a number of functions including synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, inflammation, macrophage activation, neuropathic and inflammatory pain. P2X4, one of the most sensitive purinergic receptors, is a multi-pass membrane glycoprotein with two cytoplasmic domains (1-33 and 360-388), two transmembrane domains (aa 34-54 and 339-359), and one extracellular domain (aa 55-338). It is widely distributed in the brain and its strong expression is observed in microglial cells. P2X4 serves as a receptor for extracellularly released ATP and acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. It is shown to be preferentially localized in lysosomes, where it is protected from proteolysis by its glycosylation state. At low pH, high ATP levels in the lysosomes do not activate P2X4. However, it is activated by intra-lysosomal ATP only in its fully dissociated tetra-anionic form when the pH increases to 7.4. Hence, P2X4 functions as a Ca2+-channel following the fusion of late endosomes and lysosomes. P2X4 is reported to participates in basal T-cell activity without TCR/CD3 stimulation. It also promotes the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells via expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C/RORC. P2X4 also contributes to regulation of synaptic strength through participation in the formation of long-term potentiation. Microglial P2X4 receptors are shown to be upregulated during nerve-injury associated neuropathic pain. Clone 12-10H recognize the native structure of head domain of P2X4. (Ref.: Igawa, T., et al (2019). Purinergic Signalling 15(1);27-35; Suurvälia, J., et al. (2017). Biomed. J. 40(5); 245-256; Tsuda, M., et al. (2003). Nature. 424(6950); 778-783).
Sinónimos : P2X purinoceptor 4;P2X4;ATP receptor;Purinergic receptor
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